the amphitheatre

hărēna (better than ărēna, Bramb. s. v. Rib. Prol. Verg. p. 422, and v. infra), ae, f. [Sabin. fas-ena; from Sanscr. root bhas-, to shine, gleam, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 102].

Prop., sand (syn.:

sabulum, glarea, suburra): harenae tria genera,

Plin. 36, 23, 54, § 175:

magnus congestus harenae,

Lucr. 6, 724; 726:

litoris incurvi bibulam pavit aequor harenam,

the thirsty sand of the curved shore, id. 2, 376; so,

bibula harena,

Verg. G. 1, 114 (Rib. and Forbig., but Conington arena):

sicca,

id. ib. 1, 389:

sterilis,

id. ib. 1, 70:

mollis,

Ov. M. 2, 577:

opaci omnis harena Tagi, i. e. the gold it was believed to contain,

Juv. 3, 55 (cf. Plin. 4, 21, 35, § 115):

nivis more incidens,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 30, 2.— Poet.:

harena nigra, = limus,

slime, mud, Verg. G. 4, 292.— Plur. (postAug.; its use is said by Gell. 19, 8, 3, to have been ridiculed by Cæsar as a verbi vitium):

arenae carae, of the golden sands of Pactolus,

Ov. M. 11, 88 Merk.:

quem (delphina) postquam bibulis inlisit fluctus harenis,

id. H. 18, 201:

summae cauda verruntur arenae,

id. M. 10, 701 Merk.; so id. ib. 2, 456; 865; 11, 231; 499; 15, 268; 279; Stat. S. 4, 3, 23 Queck; Col. 1 praef. 24;

but harenae,

Ov. Am. 2, 11, 47; Verg. G. 2, 106; 3, 350; Hor. C. 3, 4, 31 K. and H.:

arenarum inculta vastitas,

Sen. Q. N. 1 prol. 8;

of the bottom of the sea: furit aestus harenis,

Verg. A. 1, 107:

aestu miscentur harenae,

id. ib. 3, 557.—Prov.

Quid harenae semina mandas? Ov. H. 5, 115; cf. id. Tr. 5, 4, 48.—

Ex incomprehensibili pravitate arenae funis effici non potest, Col. 10 praef. § 4.—

Arena sine calce, said by Caligula of Seneca, because his sentences seem like independent maxims, without connection, Suet. Cal. 53.—

Of vast numbers:

sicut arena quae est in litore maris,

Vulg. Judic. 7, 12; id. Gen. 22, 17.—

Meton.

In gen., sand, sands, a sandy place:

ut cum urbis vendiderit, tum arenam aliquam emat,

Cic. Agr. 2, 27, 71 B. and K.—

Esp.

A sandy desert, waste (mostly post-Aug.):

cum super Libycas victor penderet arenas,

Ov. M. 4, 617; Luc. 2, 417:

nigras inter harenas,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 83:

Memnonis effigies, disjectas inter et vix pervias arenas,

Tac. A. 2, 61.—

The shore of the sea, the beach, coast, strand:

cum mare permotum ventis ruit intus harenam,

Lucr. 6, 726: litoream arenam sulcare, Ov. M. 15, 725:

doque leves saltus udaeque inmittor arenae,

id. ib. 3, 599:

multaque perpessae (carinae) Phrygia potiuntur arena,

id. ib. 12, 38:

sub noctem potitur classis arena,

id. ib. 13, 729.—So sing., Verg. A. 1, 540; 5, 34; 6, 316; 11, 626 al.—

The place of combat in the amphitheatre (strewn with sand), the arena:

in amphitheatri arena,

Suet. Ner. 53; id. Tit. 8:

missus in arenam aper,

id. Tib. 72; id. Aug. 43:

comminus ursos figebat Numidas Albana nudus harena venator,

Juv. 4, 100; 2, 144; 8, 206:

juvenes in arenam luxuria projecit,

Sen. Ep. 99, 13.—

Transf.

A combat in the amphitheatre:

in harenam se dare,

Dig. 11, 4, 5 fin.:

operas arenae promittere,

Tac. A. 14, 14:

in opera scaenae arenaeque edenda,

Suet. Tib. 35:

scaenae arenaeque devotus,

id. Cal. 30.—

The combatants in the arena: cum et juris idem (i. e. testandi libertas) contingat harenae, the gladiators have the right, etc., Juv. 6, 217.—

Harena urens, volcanic fire, lava:

Aetna ingentem vim arenae urentis effudit,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 30, 1.—

Trop., the place of combat, scene or theatre of any contest (war, a single battle, a dispute, etc.):

civilis belli arena,

Flor. 4, 2, 18; 4, 7, 6; cf. id. 3, 21, 1; Luc. 6, 63:

in harena mea, hoc est apud centumviros,

Plin. Ep. 6, 12, 2.

hărēnārĭus ( aren-), a, um, adj. [harena].

Prop., of or pertaining to sand: lapis, sandstone (= lapis bibulus of Verg.), Serv. Verg. G. 2, 348.—

Transf., of or pertaining to the amphitheatre:

fera,

destined for the arena, Arn. 29, 1.—

Hence, subst.,

hărēnārĭus, i, m.

A combatant in the amphitheatre, a gladiator, Dig. 22, 5, 21; 36, 1, 5; Cod. Just. 3, 27, 11; Petr. 126, 6; Inscr. Orell. 4063 (but cf. Orell. ad loc.).—

A teacher of the elements of arithmetic (the figures being drawn in sand), Tert. Pall. 6 (cf. abacus).—

hărēnā-rĭa, ae (sc. fodina; cf.: aeraria, argentaria, etc.), f., a sand-pit, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 23:

in arenarias quasdam extra portam Esquilinam perductus occiditur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37 B. and K.—

hărēnārĭum, ii, n., a sand-pit, Vitr. 2, 4, 2; 6, 11.

hărēnārĭus ( aren-), a, um, adj. [harena].

Prop., of or pertaining to sand: lapis, sandstone (= lapis bibulus of Verg.), Serv. Verg. G. 2, 348.—

Transf., of or pertaining to the amphitheatre:

fera,

destined for the arena, Arn. 29, 1.—

Hence, subst.,

hărēnārĭus, i, m.

A combatant in the amphitheatre, a gladiator, Dig. 22, 5, 21; 36, 1, 5; Cod. Just. 3, 27, 11; Petr. 126, 6; Inscr. Orell. 4063 (but cf. Orell. ad loc.).—

A teacher of the elements of arithmetic (the figures being drawn in sand), Tert. Pall. 6 (cf. abacus).—

hărēnā-rĭa, ae (sc. fodina; cf.: aeraria, argentaria, etc.), f., a sand-pit, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 23:

in arenarias quasdam extra portam Esquilinam perductus occiditur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37 B. and K.—

hărēnārĭum, ii, n., a sand-pit, Vitr. 2, 4, 2; 6, 11.

hărēnārĭus ( aren-), a, um, adj. [harena].

Prop., of or pertaining to sand: lapis, sandstone (= lapis bibulus of Verg.), Serv. Verg. G. 2, 348.—

Transf., of or pertaining to the amphitheatre:

fera,

destined for the arena, Arn. 29, 1.—

Hence, subst.,

hărēnārĭus, i, m.

A combatant in the amphitheatre, a gladiator, Dig. 22, 5, 21; 36, 1, 5; Cod. Just. 3, 27, 11; Petr. 126, 6; Inscr. Orell. 4063 (but cf. Orell. ad loc.).—

A teacher of the elements of arithmetic (the figures being drawn in sand), Tert. Pall. 6 (cf. abacus).—

hărēnā-rĭa, ae (sc. fodina; cf.: aeraria, argentaria, etc.), f., a sand-pit, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 23:

in arenarias quasdam extra portam Esquilinam perductus occiditur,

Cic. Clu. 13, 37 B. and K.—

hărēnārĭum, ii, n., a sand-pit, Vitr. 2, 4, 2; 6, 11.

baltĕus, i, m., more rare baltĕum, i, n. (in plur. baltea was generally used in the poets metri gr.; and in ante-class. prose balteum, e. g. Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; Non. p. 194, 21; Charis. p. 59 P.) [acc. to Varr. ap. Charis. 1. 1. a Tuscan word; but cf. O. H. Germ. balz; Engl. belt] (not in Cic.).

Lit., a girdle, belt; esp. a swordbelt, or the band passing over the shoulder (cf. Quint. 11, 3, 140; Dict. of Antiq.): baltea, Att. ap. Non. p. 194, 21;

Varr. ib.: infelix umero cum apparuit alto Balteus,

Verg. A. 12, 942:

lato quam circumplectitur auro Balteus,

id. ib. 5, 313 Serv.;

12, 274: verutum in balteo defigitur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44: aurata baltea illis erant, Liv. H. ap. Non. p. 194, 21:

gregarius miles viatica sua et balteos phalerasque loco pecuniae tradebant,

Tac. H. 1, 57 fin.; Vulg. Exod. 28, 39: regum, ib. Job, 12, 18.—

Poet., like zôstêr, a woman ' s girdle; so of that of Amazonian queens at Thermodon, Ov. M. 9, 189; the girdle of the wife of Cato, Luc. 2, 362; of Venus, Mart. 14, 207.—

The girdle of the Jewish high-priest, Vulg. Exod. 28, 4.—

The girdle or belly-band of a horse, = cingula, Claud. Epigr. 21, 2; App. M. 10, p. 247, 37.—

Transf., that which surrounds like a girdle, a border, rim, edge, circle.

The belt of the heavens, the zodiac:

stellatus balteus,

Manil. 1, 677; 3, 334.—

The edge, the crust of a cake, Cato, R. R. 76, 3, and 78.—

The bark of the willow, Plin. 16, 37, 68, § 174.—

= praecinctio, and Gr. diaxôma, the vacant space between the seats in the amphitheatre, Calp. Ecl. 4, 47; Tert. Spect. 3.—

Baltei pulvinorum, in architecture, the broad bands by which the cushions upon Ionic capitals are, as it were, held together, Vitr. 3, 5, 7.—

A strapping, blow with a belt:

quoties rumoribus ulciscantur Baltea,

Juv. 9, 112.

baltĕus, i, m., more rare baltĕum, i, n. (in plur. baltea was generally used in the poets metri gr.; and in ante-class. prose balteum, e. g. Varr. L. L. 5, § 116 Müll.; Non. p. 194, 21; Charis. p. 59 P.) [acc. to Varr. ap. Charis. 1. 1. a Tuscan word; but cf. O. H. Germ. balz; Engl. belt] (not in Cic.).

Lit., a girdle, belt; esp. a swordbelt, or the band passing over the shoulder (cf. Quint. 11, 3, 140; Dict. of Antiq.): baltea, Att. ap. Non. p. 194, 21;

Varr. ib.: infelix umero cum apparuit alto Balteus,

Verg. A. 12, 942:

lato quam circumplectitur auro Balteus,

id. ib. 5, 313 Serv.;

12, 274: verutum in balteo defigitur,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44: aurata baltea illis erant, Liv. H. ap. Non. p. 194, 21:

gregarius miles viatica sua et balteos phalerasque loco pecuniae tradebant,

Tac. H. 1, 57 fin.; Vulg. Exod. 28, 39: regum, ib. Job, 12, 18.—

Poet., like zôstêr, a woman ' s girdle; so of that of Amazonian queens at Thermodon, Ov. M. 9, 189; the girdle of the wife of Cato, Luc. 2, 362; of Venus, Mart. 14, 207.—

The girdle of the Jewish high-priest, Vulg. Exod. 28, 4.—

The girdle or belly-band of a horse, = cingula, Claud. Epigr. 21, 2; App. M. 10, p. 247, 37.—

Transf., that which surrounds like a girdle, a border, rim, edge, circle.

The belt of the heavens, the zodiac:

stellatus balteus,

Manil. 1, 677; 3, 334.—

The edge, the crust of a cake, Cato, R. R. 76, 3, and 78.—

The bark of the willow, Plin. 16, 37, 68, § 174.—

= praecinctio, and Gr. diaxôma, the vacant space between the seats in the amphitheatre, Calp. Ecl. 4, 47; Tert. Spect. 3.—

Baltei pulvinorum, in architecture, the broad bands by which the cushions upon Ionic capitals are, as it were, held together, Vitr. 3, 5, 7.—

A strapping, blow with a belt:

quoties rumoribus ulciscantur Baltea,

Juv. 9, 112.

spectācŭlum (contr. spectāclum, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 21 and 56), i, n. [specto], a show, sight, spectacle (class.).

In gen.:

lepidum spectaculum,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81:

superarum rerum atque caelestium,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

bis terque mutatae dapis,

Hor. Epod. 5, 34:

potius quam hoc spectaculum viderem,

Cic. Mil. 38, 103: capere oblatae spectacula praedae, Ov. M. 3, 246; cf. id. ib. 7, 780:

scorti procacis,

Liv. 39, 43:

Euripi,

id. 45, 27:

non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit,

Verg. A. 6, 37:

spectaclum ipsa sedens,

i. e. exposed to public view, in the sight of all, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 21:

neque hoc parentes Effugerit spectaculum,

Hor. Epod. 5, 102.—Esp. in the phrases:

spectaculum (alicui) praebere, spectaculum (spectaculo) esse alicui: circuitus solis et lunae spectaculum hominibus praebent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 155; so,

praebere,

Liv. 45, 28:

praebent spectacula capti,

Ov. A. A. 2, 581:

o spectaculum illud hominibus luctuosum, cedere e patriā servatorem ejus, manere in patriā perditores!

Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 8; cf. id. Corn. 1, § 19:

homini non amico nostra incommoda spectaculo esse nolim,

id. Att. 10, 2, 2:

insequitur acies ornata armataque, ut hostium quoque magnificum spectaculum esset,

Liv. 10, 40 fin. —

In partic.

Lit., in the theatre, circus, etc., a public sight or show, a stageplay, spectacle (cf.:

munus, ludi, fabula): spectacula sunt tributim data,

Cic. Mur. 34, 72:

apparatissimum,

id. Phil. 1, 15, 36:

gladiatorium,

Liv. 39, 42:

gladiatorum,

id. 28, 21 fin.; Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96:

circi,

Liv. 7, 2:

scenae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 351:

ludorum,

Suet. Aug. 14:

athletarum,

id. ib. 44; id. Ner. 12:

naumachiae,

id. Caes. 44:

nondum commisso spectaculo,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

interesse spectaculo,

id. 2, 38, 4:

inter matutina harenae spectacula,

Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 2:

meridianum,

id. Ep. 7, 3.—

Transf., the place whence plays are witnessed, the seats of the spectators, seats, places in the theatre, the amphitheatre:

spectacula ruunt,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47:

ex omnibus spectaculis plausus est excitatus,

Cic. Sest. 58, 124:

resonant spectacula plausu,

Ov. M. 10, 668:

loca divisa patribus equitibusque, ubi spectacula sibi quisque facerent,

Liv. 1, 35, 8:

spectaculorum gradus,

Tac. A. 14, 13:

spectaculis detractus et in harenam deductus,

Suet. Calig. 35; id. Dom. 10.—

In gen., the theatre:

ingressum spectacula,

Suet. Calig. 35:

in caelum trabibus spectacula textis surgere,

Calp. Ecl. 7, 23.—

The spectators:

spectacula tantum este, viri,

Sil. 2, 230:

virtutis,

id. 8, 556.—

A wonder, miracle: spectacula septem, the seven wonders of the world:

in septem spectaculis nominari,

Vitr. 2, 8, 11:

numerari inter septem omnium terrarum spectacula,

Gell. 10, 18, 4.

spectācŭlum (contr. spectāclum, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 21 and 56), i, n. [specto], a show, sight, spectacle (class.).

In gen.:

lepidum spectaculum,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81:

superarum rerum atque caelestium,

Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140:

bis terque mutatae dapis,

Hor. Epod. 5, 34:

potius quam hoc spectaculum viderem,

Cic. Mil. 38, 103: capere oblatae spectacula praedae, Ov. M. 3, 246; cf. id. ib. 7, 780:

scorti procacis,

Liv. 39, 43:

Euripi,

id. 45, 27:

non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit,

Verg. A. 6, 37:

spectaclum ipsa sedens,

i. e. exposed to public view, in the sight of all, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 21:

neque hoc parentes Effugerit spectaculum,

Hor. Epod. 5, 102.—Esp. in the phrases:

spectaculum (alicui) praebere, spectaculum (spectaculo) esse alicui: circuitus solis et lunae spectaculum hominibus praebent,

Cic. N. D. 2, 62, 155; so,

praebere,

Liv. 45, 28:

praebent spectacula capti,

Ov. A. A. 2, 581:

o spectaculum illud hominibus luctuosum, cedere e patriā servatorem ejus, manere in patriā perditores!

Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 8; cf. id. Corn. 1, § 19:

homini non amico nostra incommoda spectaculo esse nolim,

id. Att. 10, 2, 2:

insequitur acies ornata armataque, ut hostium quoque magnificum spectaculum esset,

Liv. 10, 40 fin. —

In partic.

Lit., in the theatre, circus, etc., a public sight or show, a stageplay, spectacle (cf.:

munus, ludi, fabula): spectacula sunt tributim data,

Cic. Mur. 34, 72:

apparatissimum,

id. Phil. 1, 15, 36:

gladiatorium,

Liv. 39, 42:

gladiatorum,

id. 28, 21 fin.; Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96:

circi,

Liv. 7, 2:

scenae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 351:

ludorum,

Suet. Aug. 14:

athletarum,

id. ib. 44; id. Ner. 12:

naumachiae,

id. Caes. 44:

nondum commisso spectaculo,

Liv. 2, 36, 1:

interesse spectaculo,

id. 2, 38, 4:

inter matutina harenae spectacula,

Sen. Ira, 3, 43, 2:

meridianum,

id. Ep. 7, 3.—

Transf., the place whence plays are witnessed, the seats of the spectators, seats, places in the theatre, the amphitheatre:

spectacula ruunt,

Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 47:

ex omnibus spectaculis plausus est excitatus,

Cic. Sest. 58, 124:

resonant spectacula plausu,

Ov. M. 10, 668:

loca divisa patribus equitibusque, ubi spectacula sibi quisque facerent,

Liv. 1, 35, 8:

spectaculorum gradus,

Tac. A. 14, 13:

spectaculis detractus et in harenam deductus,

Suet. Calig. 35; id. Dom. 10.—

In gen., the theatre:

ingressum spectacula,

Suet. Calig. 35:

in caelum trabibus spectacula textis surgere,

Calp. Ecl. 7, 23.—

The spectators:

spectacula tantum este, viri,

Sil. 2, 230:

virtutis,

id. 8, 556.—

A wonder, miracle: spectacula septem, the seven wonders of the world:

in septem spectaculis nominari,

Vitr. 2, 8, 11:

numerari inter septem omnium terrarum spectacula,

Gell. 10, 18, 4.

clādes, is ( gen. plur. usu. cladium, Liv. 2, 63, 7; 5, 22, 8 et saep.:

cladum,

Sil. 1, 41; 7, 505; 9, 353; 16, 672; Amm. 29, 1, 14; 32, 2, 1), f. [kindr. with Sanscr. klath, laedere; Gr. klaô, to break, break in pieces; cf.: per - cello, clava, gladius].

Prop., a breaking, beating, dashing to pieces; hence,

In gen., destruction, devastation, injury, mischief, harm, misfortune, disaster, loss, detriment, calamity (cf.: calamitas, pernicies;

class. and freq.): clades calamitasque, intemperies modo in nostram advenit domum,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 3:

haec igitur subito clades nova pestilitasque Aut in aquas cadit aut fruges persidit in ipsas,

Lucr. 6, 1125:

dare late cladem magnasque ruinas,

id. 5, 347:

etsi cursum ingeni tui, Bruti, premit haec inportuna clades civitatis,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

atque haec vetusta... Luctifica clades nostro infixa est corpori,

id. Tusc. 2, 10, 25:

et illam meam cladem... maximum esse rei publicae volnus judicastis,

id. Sest. 13, 31:

cum tibi ad pristinas cladis accessio fuisset Aetoliae repentinus interitus,

id. Pis. 37, 91:

quod si primo proelio Catilina superior discessisset, profecto magna clades atque calamitas rem publicam oppressisset,

Sall. C. 39, 4:

captae urbis Romanae clades,

Liv. 5, 21, 16:

publica,

Tac. A. 14, 64:

tum urbs tota eorum conruit et Taygeti montis magna pars... abrupta cladem eam insuper ruinā pressit,

Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191:

plus populationibus quam proeliis cladium fecit (cf. B. 1. infra),

Liv. 8, 2, 8:

quidve superbia spurcitia ac petulantia? Quantas Efficiunt clades!

Lucr. 5, 48:

aliam quamvis cladem inportare pericli,

id. 5, 369:

agrum omni belli clade pervastat,

Liv. 22, 4, 1:

colonias belli clade premi,

Curt. 9, 7, 22:

colonias omni clade vastare,

id. 4, 1, 10:

majestas populi Romani... vastata cladibus fuerat,

Plin. 16, 32, 57, § 132:

per sex dies septemque noctes eā clade saevitum est,

of the burning of Rome, Suet. Ner. 38:

quo tantae cladis pretio,

i. e. the burning of the Capitol, Tac. H. 3, 72; id. A. 13, 57:

recens,

the destruction of the amphitheatre, id. A. 4, 63 sq.:

Lugdunensis,

the burning of Lyons, id. ib. 16, 13 Nipp. ad loc.—With gen. obj.:

si denique Italia a dilectu, urbs ab armis, sine Milonis clade numquam esset conquietura,

without ruining Milo, Cic. Mil. 25, 68: tum privatae per domos clades vulgatae sunt, the losses of particular families at Cannae, Liv. 22, 56, 4.— Poet.:

cladibus, exclamat, Saturnia, pascere nostris,

Ov. M. 9, 176:

Trojae renascens alite lugubri Fortuna tristi clade iterabitur,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 62.—

Esp.

In war or battle, a disaster, defeat, overthrow, discomfiture, massacre:

ni pedites cum equitibus permixti magnam cladem in congressu facerent,

Sall. J. 59, 3:

exercitatior hostis magnā clade eos castigavit,

Liv. 39, 1, 4:

iret ut... subitā turbaret clade Latinos,

Verg. A. 12, 556:

quodsi... supervenisset, ingens clades accipi potuit,

Curt. 4, 12, 15;

so freq.: accipere cladem,

to be defeated, beaten, Liv. 3, 26, 3; 5, 11, 5; 8, 12, 17;

22, 51, 11: apud Chaeroneam accepta,

Quint. 9, 2, 62:

classe devictā multas ipsi lacrimas, magnam populo Romano cladem attulit,

Cic. N.D. 2, 3, 7:

postquam is... contractae cladi superesset... fusa est Romana acies,

Liv. 25, 19, 16:

omnibus pacis modo incurrisse agentibus magna clades inlata,

id. 29, 3, 8:

non vulnus super vulnus sed multiplex clades,

id. 22, 54, 9: paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit, Vell. 2, 112, 4:

tantā mole cladis obrui,

Liv. 22, 54, 10:

terrestri simul navalique clade obruebantur,

Curt. 4, 3, 14; Sen. Med. 207: clades illa pugnae Cannensis vastissima, Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. 5, 17, 5:

binaque castra clade unā deleta,

Liv. 30, 6, 6:

exercituum,

Tac. A. 3, 6; 3, 73; Sall. H. 1, 41, 5 Dietsch:

quis cladem illius noctis fando Explicet,

Verg. A. 2, 362:

Germanica,

Tac. H. 4, 12:

Variana,

id. A. 1, 57:

Pharsaliam Philippos et Perusiam ac Mutinam, nota publicarum cladium nomina loquebantur,

id. H. 1, 50. — Poet.:

ut barbarorum Claudius agmina... diruit... Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum, sine clade victor (i.e. of his own men),

Hor. C. 4, 14, 32.—

Of the plague:

inque ipsos saeva medentes Erumpit clades,

Ov. M. 7, 562; cf.:

sue abstinent merito cladis, quā ipsos scabies quondam turpaverat, cui id animal obnoxium,

Tac. H. 5, 4 Heraeus ad loc.—

Of the loss of a limb:

Mucius, cui postea Scaevolae a clade dextrae manūs cognomen inditum,

Liv. 2, 13, 1.—

Transf.

Of persons who bring destruction, etc., a destroyer, scourge, pest:

geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae,

Verg. A. 6, 843:

haec clades,

of Heliogabalus, Lampr. Heliog. 34, 1: illa, of immodest women as a class, id. Alex. Sev. 34, 4.—

Of dissolute morals, corruption:

fecunda culpae saecula nuptias inquinavere... Hoc fonte derivata clades In patriam populumque fluxit,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 19.

spŏlĭārĭum, ii, n. [spolium] (postAug.).

Lit., a place in the amphitheatre where the clothes were stripped from the slain gladiators who were dragged thither, Sen. Ep. 93, 10; Lampr. Commod. 18, 3; 19, 3.—

Transf., a den of robbers or murderers, a cutthroat place, Sen. Prov. 3, 7; id. Contr. 5, 33; Plin. Pan. 36, 1.

praecinctĭo, ōnis, f. [praecingo], lit., a girding about, a girdle: zonae, Hilar. in Matt. 2, 2.—Hence,

Transf., the broad landing-place or lobby around the amphitheatre, or between each tier of seats, Vitr. 5, 3; 2, 8.

schŏla ( scŏla), ae, f., = scholê (spare time, leisure; hence, in partic.),

Leisure given to learning, a learned conversation or debate, a disputation, lecture, dissertation, etc.:

in quam exercitationem (disputandi) ita nos studiose operam dedimus, ut jam etiam scholas Graecorum more habere auderemus... Itaque dierum quinque scholas, ut Graeci appellant, in totidem libros contuli,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 7; 8:

separatim certae scholae sunt de exsilio, de interitu patriae, etc.... Haec Graeci in singulas scholas et in singulos libros dispertiunt,

id. ib. 3, 34, 81:

scholam aliquam explicare,

id. Fin. 2, 1, 1:

habes scholam Stoicam,

id. Fam. 9, 22, 5:

vertes te ad alteram scholam: disseres de triumpho,

id. Pis. 25, 60:

ubi sunt vestrae scholae,

id. ib. 27, 65; Quint. 3, 6, 59 Spald.—

Transf.

A place for learned conversation or instruction, a place of learning, a school (cf. ludus):

toto hoc de genere, de quaerendā, de collocandā pecuniā, commodius a quibusdam optimis viris ad Janum medium sedentibus quam ab ullis philosophis ullā in scholā disputatur,

Cic. Off. 2, 25, 90:

qui cum in scholā assedissent,

id. de Or. 1, 22, 102; 1, 13, 56; Suet. Gram. 17; Quint. 3, 11. 26:

politus e scholā,

Cic. Pis. 25, 59:

e philosophorum scholis tales fere evadunt,

id. Or. 27, 95; Quint. 1, prooem. § 17;

12, 3, 12: rhetorum,

id. 12, 2, 23:

potiorem in scholis eruditionem esse quam domi,

id. 2, 3, 10; 5, 13, 45; so (opp. forum) id. 5, 13, 36:

ut ab Homero in scholis,

Plin. Ep. 2, 14, 2.—

A gallery where works of art were exhibited:

Octaviae scholae,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 29; cf. id. 35, 10, 3, § 114.—

Scholae bestiarum, a place where animals fight, an amphitheatre, Tert. Apol. 35.—

The disciples or followers of a teacher, a school, sect:

clamabunt omnia gymnasia atque omnes philosophorum scholae, sua haec esse omnia propria,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 56:

ejus (Isocratis) schola principes oratorum dedit,

Quint. 12, 10, 22; cf.:

Theodori schola,

id. 3, 11, 26:

scholae Asclepiadis,

Plin. 14, 7, 9, § 76:

dissederunt hae diu scholae,

id. 29, 1, 5, § 6:

Cassianae scholae princeps,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 8.—

In the time of the later emperors, a college or corporation of the army or of persons of the same profession: Schola Exceptorum, Chartulariorum, Singulariorum, etc., Cod. Th. 12, 20, 20; 12, 17, 2 et saep.; Cod. Just. 4, 65, 35; Amm. 14, 7, 12.—

The building of that corporation, Inscr. in Jahn's Neue Jahrb. vol. 66, p. 338.—

A place in a bathing-room where one waited before entering the bath, a waiting-place, Vitr. 5, 10 fin.

pŏdĭum, ii, n., = podion, an elevated place, a height.

In gen. (post-class.):

podia ternis alta pedibus fabricantur,

Pall. 1, 38.—

In partic.

A projection in a building, a jutty, balcony, podium (postAug.), Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 22; Vitr. 3, 3; 5, 7; 7, 4, 4; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 22.—

A projecting part in the circus or amphitheatre, a parapet or balcony next to the arena, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Suet. Ner. 12; cf. Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 45:

omnes ad podium spectantes,

Juv. 2, 147.